THE ROLE OF WOMEN'S LEADERSHIP IN BUSINESS: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS

Abstract

This study addresses the persistent challenges and emerging opportunities for women’s leadership across multiple sectors in contemporary European society. The purpose of the research is to examine how structural, cultural, and institutional factors affect the ability of women to access and thrive in leadership positions. Particular attention is given to the intersection of gender with organizational hierarchies in business, technology, law, politics, and other knowledge-based industries. The research explores the extent to which systemic barriers continue to shape professional environments, limiting women's influence in high-level decision-making, while also assessing the potential for inclusive leadership models to redefine authority and governance in the 21st century. The methodology of the study combines a comparative sectoral analysis with quantitative evaluation based on regional indicators. Primary emphasis is placed on cross-national comparison between EU member states and Ukraine, with selected examples from both public and private sectors. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical methods, with a particular focus on patterns of representation and exclusion. These findings were interpreted through the lens of contemporary gender and leadership theory, allowing for an integrative approach to understanding both individual trajectories and institutional trends. The results reveal that while representation gaps remain significant across all sectors, the pace and scale of change vary considerably by country and industry. Women remain underrepresented in senior management and executive roles, particularly in digital and technological fields, where participation is lowest. At the same time, female leadership in traditionally male-dominated spheres such as politics and law is gaining visibility, albeit unevenly. The study finds that where gender-inclusive policies, leadership development programs, and legislative reforms are implemented, positive trends emerge in both representation and organizational effectiveness. Ultimately, the research underscores the importance of sustained structural transformation to close gender gaps, while recognizing the increasing societal and economic value placed on diverse leadership.