DIGITAL NOMADS AS A CONTEMPORARY TREND IN THE GLOBAL LABOR MARKET

Abstract

The article investigates the phenomenon of digital nomadism, recognizing it as a significant transformative trend within the global labor market. This trend is dynamically evolving under the influence of technological innovations and the ongoing evolution of remote employment. The research aims to comprehensively analyze digital nomadism, systematize knowledge about its essence, characteristics, and typology, and identify the key drivers of its development, as well as the advantages and challenges for both the nomads themselves and their host communities. The methodology relies on a qualitative and quantitative analysis, incorporating a deep theoretical literature review using bibliometric and content analysis. It also includes the analysis of secondary statistical data and analytical reports from international organizations and research firms. Additionally, the study examines government policies regarding digital nomad visa programs and assesses their socioeconomic impact on local communities. The research results define a generalized profile of the digital nomad as a young, highly educated professional, primarily from the IT or consulting sectors, who seeks flexibility and work-life balance. Findings indicate that, as of 2024, the number of digital nomads in the U.S. reached 18.1 million, demonstrating substantial growth, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic, which served as a catalyst for this phenomenon. Furthermore, 66 million remote workers worldwide are identified as potential digital nomads. The study also reveals that nomads' destination choices are primarily influenced by the cost of living, internet connection quality, safety, and climate. The implementation of specialized digital nomad visas proves to be an effective tool for addressing legal and tax uncertainties, facilitating their legal status, and attracting highly skilled professionals, thereby stimulating local economies. However, the study also highlights that digital nomads pose certain challenges for local communities, such as rising housing prices and potential social tensions. The practical value of this work lies in formulating recommendations for developing a holistic and inclusive approach to managing the digital nomad phenomenon. This approach aims to foster balanced economic growth and social well-being for both mobile professionals and their host countries.